Artificial intelligence (AI), sometimes known as machine intelligence, refers to the ability of computers to perform human-like feats of cognition including learning, problem-solving, perception, decision-making, and speech and language. Early AI systems had the ability to defeat a world chess champion, map streets, and compose music. Thanks to more advanced algorithms, data volumes, and computer power and storage, AI evolved and expanded to include more sophisticated applications, such as self-driving cars, improved fraud detection, and “personal assistants” like Siri and Alexa. Today, medical researchers are using AI to develop technology that will detect a range of diseases, improve radiology imaging, fine-tune radiation treatments, simplify DNA sequencing, and advance precision medicine for more individualized health care.